difficilein indicated treatments. organizations, respectively. Dutasteride (Avodart) Vancomycin suppressed the growth ofC. difficileand therefore safeguarded the hamsters at the time of administration, but 90% of these hamsters nevertheless died shortly after discontinuation of treatment. In contrast, the surviving hamsters of the anti-CD-WPI organizations survived the entire study period, although they were treated for only 75 h. The specific antibodies not only inactivated the toxins for initial suppression of CDI, but also provoked the inhibition ofC. difficilegrowth after discontinuation, thus preventing recurrence. Dental administration of anti-CD-WPI is definitely a functional therapy of CDI in infected hamsters for both main treatment and prevention of recurrence. Therefore, anti-CD-WPI could address the urgent unmet medical need for treating and avoiding recurrent CDI in humans. Keywords:Clostridium difficileinfection, sIgA, bovine milk, prevention of recurrence, hamster model of CDI == 1. Intro == Clostridium difficile(CD)-induced colitis is the leading healthcare-acquired illness, with approximately half a million instances and annual connected costs of $4.8 billion [1]. Even more worrying is the growing quantity of deaths attributed toC. difficile.This number quintupled from 2675 in 2000, to 14,368 in 2007 [2], then doubled again to 29, 300 in 2011 [1]the level at which it has since plateaued in the United States [3]. A major reason for this increase has been the excessive use of antibiotics, accompanied by a growing quantity of antibiotic-resistant hypervirulent bacterial strains. The disease typically affects seniors individuals who have received antimicrobial treatment, especially with broad-spectrum antibiotics that damaged the gastrointestinal microbiota [4]. This has enabled the sporulation of the gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteriumC. difficileas well as its proliferation in the lower gastrointestinal tract [4,5]. Depending on the strain, vegetative cells create toxin A (TcdA), toxin B (TcdB) and the binary toxinsC. difficiletransferase (CDT) [6]. The most important virulence factors for the pathogenesis ofC. difficileinfection (CDI) are TcdA and TcdB [7,8]. Clinical symptoms range from slight aqueous diarrhea, to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis and harmful megacolon, to systemic symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, malaise and fever [4,7,9]. To Dutasteride (Avodart) treat these effects, the current standard of treatment is an administration of Dutasteride (Avodart) antibiotics, specifically metronidazole or vancomycin. Even though immediate response to treatment of CDI is typically good, the main issue is the continued damage of an already damaged gastrointestinal TLN1 microbiota, leaving the patient susceptible to re-infection. As a result, up to 30% suffer from recurrence within two months after preventing antibiotic treatment [10]. The rate of recurrence of multiple recurrences raises to 5065% after the second recurrence [9]. In summary, there is an urgent need for alternative treatments that avoid the use of antibiotics in order to manage recurrent CDI. One approach is oral treatment, with products from the bovine colostrum Dutasteride (Avodart) of cows with increased concentrations of specific immunoglobulins by immunization. These products present several advantages over current treatments. The Dutasteride (Avodart) antibodies are polyclonal and may consequently bind to multiple epitopes of the related antigens. Moreover, unlike the more commonly used antibiotics, they are specific to the antigens. Therefore, they do not damage the commensal microflora in the gastrointestinal tract and don’t contribute to the emergence of fresh antibiotic-resistant microorganisms [11]. In addition, it is possible to develop a pool of antibodies and antibody classes at the same time, which makes it possible to attack both the toxins as well as bacteria simultaneously. Several animal and human being studies summarized elsewhere [12,13] have confirmed the effect of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) products produced by immunizing cows with different target constructions, such asEscherichia coli[14,15], influenza disease [16] or rotavirus [17]. Lyerly et al. [18] were the first to show inside a hamster model in which HBC with antibodies against TcdA and TcdB was effective in protecting hamsters from CDI. However, all hamsters died within 72 h after the treatment, likely due to the lack of.